This three-part series provides an introduction to the historical study of malaria with special emphasis on the place of the Ottoman Empire and Middle East in the story of human interaction with the disease.
Part One:
Malaria is a disease that has been with human society since our earliest days. It has shaped our relationship with our environment throughout time, thereby changing the course of history. In our three part series on malaria, we look at malaria on the global stage and in the Ottoman Empire in particular, as well as more recent scientific approaches to malaria during the last century. This first episode examines malaria in the long durée and its various interactions with human society.
Part Two:
Malaria was present in much of the Ottoman Empire throughout its six centuries of existence; yet, the relationship between humans and the disease environment was anything but unchanging. In this second part of our three part series on the history of malaria, we discuss the role of the disease in Ottoman history, make some observations about changes in settlement and disease, and explore early attempts to control malaria through state interventions and the use of science and medicine.
Part Three:
The discovery of the malaria parasite and the mosquito as its vector changed human understandings of the disease and gave rise to scientific and medical approaches that mixed new and old practices. The twentieth century saw a great push to eliminate malaria from many parts of the world, and while these programs had successes, they also led to unintended consequences. In this third and final part of our three part series on the history of malaria, we discuss new approaches to malaria that arose both in colonial settings and within the framework of new nation states, touching on the cases of Turkey, India, Algeria, Israel/Palestine, Italy, the US and others.
Sam Dolbee is a PhD candidate in the department of Middle East Studies at New York University
Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate studying the history of the modern Middle East at Georgetown University (see academia.edu)
Citation: "Malaria: Global Themes and Ottoman Connections," Chris Gratien and Sam Dolbee, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 88 (January 13, 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2013/01/malaria-disease-treatment-world.html.
Note for the listener: While this episode refers to many primary source materials, this podcast is not primarily a work of primary source research. It is a synthesis of publicly available information and draws extensively from the following works below, which are also mentioned during the course of the episode. For the purposes of academic citation, we encourage you to consult these works.
Bibliography
Part One:
Langhorne, J. Immunology and Immunopathogenesis of Malaria. Berlin: Springer, 2005.
Becker, Norbert. Mosquitoes and Their Control. Berlin: Springer, 2010.
Webb, James L. A. Humanity's burden : a global history of malaria. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Sallares, Robert. Malaria and Rome: A History of Malaria in Ancient Italy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Blackbourn, David. The Conquest of Nature: Water, Landscape, and the Making of Modern Germany. New York: Norton, 2006.
Marks, Robert. Tigers, Rice, Silk, and Silt: Environment and Economy in Late Imperial South China. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Reader, John. Africa: A Biography of the Continent. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1998.
McNeill, John Robert. Mosquito Empires: Ecology and War in the Greater Caribbean, 1620-1914. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Crosby, Alfred W. The Columbian Exchange; Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Pub. Co, 1972.
Iqbal, Iftekhar. The Bengal Delta: Ecology, State and Social Change, 1840-1943. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
Part Two:
White, Sam. The climate of rebellion in the early modern Ottoman Empire. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Tabak, Faruk. The Waning of the Mediterranean, 1550-1870: A Geohistorical Approach. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008.
McNeill, John Robert.The Mountains of the Mediterranean World: An Environmental History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Kasaba, Reşat. A moveable empire : Ottoman nomads, migrants, and refugees. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2009.
Barkey, Karen. Bandits and Bureaucrats: The Ottoman Route to State Centralization. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1994.
Toksöz, Meltem. Nomads, migrants and cotton in the eastern Mediterranean : the making of the Adana-Mersin region 1850-1908. Leiden: Brill, 2010.
Bates, Daniel G. Nomads and Farmers: a Study of the Yörük of Southeastern Turkey. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1973.
Kemal, Yaşar. Binboğalar efsanesi. Istanbul: YKY, 2004.
Part Three:
Webb, James L. A. Humanity's burden : a global history of malaria. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Snowden, Frank M. The conquest of malaria : Italy, 1900-1962. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.
Humphreys, Margaret. Malaria: Poverty, Race, and Public Health in the United States. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.
Evered, Kyle and Emine Evered. "State, Peasant, and Mosquito: the Biopolitics of Public Health Education and Malaria in early Republican Turkey." Political Geography 31(5): 311-323.
Nash, Linda. Inescapable Ecologies: A History of Environment, Disease, and Knowledge. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006.
Samanta, Arabinda. Malarial fever in colonial Bengal, 1820-1939 : social history of an epidemic. Kolkata: Firma KLM, 2002.
Sufian, Sandra M. Healing the Land and the Nation: Malaria and the Zionist Project in Palestine, 1920-1947. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.
Davis, Diana K. Resurrecting the Granary of Rome: Environmental History and French Colonial Expansion in North Africa. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2007.
Spence, Mark David. Dispossessing the Wilderness: Indian Removal and the Making of the National Parks. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Mitchell, Timothy. Rule of Experts: Egypt, Techno-Politics, Modernity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.
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